Biologia 12

Ficha de Leitura nº 4 Data:26/03/2011

Unidade de Ensino: Engenharia Genética

Conteúdo/assunto: Produção de Biodiesel através de bactérias Escherichia coli

Título: E. Coli Engineered to Produce Biodiesel

Resumo: Segundo Desmond Lun, a Biologia Sintética “é como que o próximo passo da enginharia genética”, e como tal foi usada para modificar as bactérias de E. Coli de forma a produzir ácidos gordos (que compõem o biodiesel). A diferença no processo realizado, é que não se modificou apenas alguns genes da bactéria mas sim “grandes secções do genoma” adicionando informação genética totalmente nova.

Fonte: Science Daily (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100903104828.htm), Setembro de 2010

Pesquisador: David José Nogueira Alecrim

E. Coli Engineered to Produce Biodiesel

ScienceDaily (Sep. 11, 2010) — One mention of E. coli conjures images of sickness and food poisoning, but the malevolent bacteria may also be the key to the future of renewable energy.

Desmond Lun, an associate professor of computer science at Rutgers University-Camden, is researching how to alter the genetic makeup of E. coli to produce biodiesel fuel derived from fatty acids.

"If we can engineer biological organisms to produce biodiesel fuels, we'll have a new way of storing and using energy," Lun says.

Creating renewable energy by making fuels, like making ethanol out of corn, has been a common practice in trying to achieve sustainability.

However, Lun says, "It's widely acknowledged that making fuel out of food sources is not very sustainable. It's too expensive and it competes with our food sources."

One alternative is to modify the E. coli microorganism to make it overproduce fatty acids, which are used to make biodiesel.

"Fatty acid molecules aren't that different from a lot of fuel molecules," says Lun, a Philadelphia resident. "Biodiesel is something that we can generate quite easily. E. coli has been used as a lab organism for more than 60 years and it's well-studied. We know a lot about its genetics and how to manipulate it. We've got to make quite drastic changes to do it and it requires major intervention."

That's where Lun's computer science expertise comes in. Lun builds computational models of the E. coli organisms to determine what would happen if changes are made. Those changes could include removing enzymes to enhance fatty acid production.

"We call it synthetic biology," he says. "It's sort of the next stage of genetic engineering. Instead of making small changes to specific genes, we're really modifying large sections of genome. We're putting in entirely new traits rather than modifying existing traits."

Lun explains, "The unique aspect of my work is this emphasis on computational modeling as a way of guiding it. Even these simple bacteria are immensely complex. Computational modeling can offer a way to speed up the process and make it a faster, better process."

Fatty acid production in the altered bacteria would be enhanced, paving the way for biofuel development.

Lun is collaborating with researchers from Harvard University on his E. coli project.